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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/block/
Dnull_blk.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Null block device driver
10 The null block device (``/dev/nullb*``) is used for benchmarking the various
11 block-layer implementations. It emulates a block device of X gigabytes in size.
15 Multi-queue block-layer
17 - Request-based.
18 - Configurable submission queues per device.
20 No block-layer (Known as bio-based)
22 - Bio-based. IO requests are submitted directly to the device driver.
23 - Directly accepts bio data structure and returns them.
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Dblk-mq.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)
7 The Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism is an API to enable fast storage
9 through queueing and submitting IO requests to block devices simultaneously,
16 ----------
19 development of the kernel. The Block IO subsystem aimed to achieve the best
26 However, with the development of Solid State Drives and Non-Volatile Memories
30 in those devices' design, the multi-queue mechanism was introduced.
32 The former design had a single queue to store block IO requests with a single
36 to different CPUs) wanted to perform block IO. Instead of this, the blk-mq API
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Dbiovecs.rst8 Instead, we have a new struct bvec_iter which represents a range of a biovec -
22 There are a bunch of new helper macros for hiding the gory details - in
37 wrapper around bio_advance_iter() that operates on bio->bi_iter, and also
40 There is a lower level advance function - bvec_iter_advance() - which takes
52 exactly one bvec at a time - for example, bio_copy_data() in block/bio.c,
54 wouldn't necessarily be the same size, the old code was tricky convoluted -
58 The new code is much more straightforward - have a look. This sort of
66 - again, this was being done in a fair number of places.
68 * Biovecs can be shared between multiple bios - a bvec iter can represent an
72 reached the end of a bio, not bi_vcnt - and the bio_iovec() macro takes
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/linux-6.12.1/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlxfw/
Dmlxfw_mfa2.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause OR GPL-2.0
2 /* Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved */
18 * +----------------------------------+
20 * +----------------------------------+
22 * | +------------------------------+ | +-----------------+
23 * | | package descriptor tlv +-----> |num_devices=n |
24 * | +------------------------------+ | |num_components=m |
25 * +----------------------------------+ |CB offset |
27 * | +------------------------------+ | | |
28 * | | PSID tlv | | +-----------------+
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/linux-6.12.1/include/xen/interface/io/
Dblkif.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
5 * Unified block-device I/O interface for Xen guest OSes.
7 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004, Keir Fraser
17 * Front->back notifications: When enqueuing a new request, sending a
19 * hold-off mechanism provided by the ring macros). Backends must set
22 * Back->front notifications: When enqueuing a new response, sending a
24 * hold-off mechanism provided by the ring macros). Frontends must set
33 * If supported, the backend will write the key "multi-queue-max-queues" to
37 * key "multi-queue-num-queues" with the number they wish to use, which must be
39 * "multi-queue-max-queues".
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/filesystems/ext4/
Dallocators.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 Block and Inode Allocation Policy
4 ---------------------------------
9 that the head actuator and disk must perform to access a data block,
13 effect of concentrating writes on a single erase block, which can speed
17 The first tool that ext4 uses to combat fragmentation is the multi-block
18 allocator. When a file is first created, the block allocator
23 files) then the file data gets written out in a single multi-block
33 file's data blocks in the same block group as its inode. This cuts down
39 same block group as the directory, when feasible. The working assumption
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/crypto/
Ddevel-algos.rst5 --------------------------------------------
14 filled with each, struct crypto_alg, must be considered -- see below
47 Single-Block Symmetric Ciphers [CIPHER]
48 ---------------------------------------
55 block at a time and there are no dependencies between blocks at all.
69 Struct cipher_alg defines a single block cipher.
74 during any of these are in-flight.
78 KEY ---. PLAINTEXT ---.
80 .cia_setkey() -> .cia_encrypt()
82 '-----> CIPHERTEXT
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Darchitecture.rst5 ----------------------
10 - Symmetric ciphers
12 - AEAD ciphers
14 - Message digest, including keyed message digest
16 - Random number generation
18 - User space interface
21 ---------------------
23 The kernel crypto API provides implementations of single block ciphers
26 block ciphers and message digests. Templates include all types of block
29 Single block ciphers and message digests can either be directly used by
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/driver-api/mmc/
Dmmc-test.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
16 - Verifying the functionality and performance of MMC and SD host controller drivers.
17 - Ensuring compatibility and reliability of MMC and SD devices.
18 - Identifying and diagnosing issues in the MMC subsystem.
33 .. code-block:: none
39 Device Drivers --->
40 <*> MMC/SD/SDIO card support --->
45 .. code-block:: none
55 .. code-block:: none
66 .. code-block:: sh
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/linux-6.12.1/drivers/staging/media/atomisp/pci/isp/kernels/macc/macc1_5/
Dia_css_macc1_5_types.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
20 * CSS-API header file for Multi-Axis Color Conversion algorithm parameters.
23 /* Multi-Axis Color Conversion configuration
33 /* Multi-Axes Color Correction (MACC) table.
35 * ISP block: MACC (MACC by only matrix)
49 * OutU = (data00 * InU + data01 * InV) >> (13 - exp)
50 * OutV = (data10 * InU + data11 * InV) >> (13 - exp)
53 * OutU = (4096 * InU + 0 * InV) >> (13 - 1)
54 * OutV = ( 0 * InU + 4096 * InV) >> (13 - 1)
59 MACC1_5: s[macc_config.exp].[13-macc_config.exp], [-8192,8191]
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/
Dgenetlink-legacy.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
9 the ``genetlink-legacy`` protocol level.
15 -------
29 --------------------
31 New Netlink families should use ``multi-attr`` to define arrays.
35 For reference the ``multi-attr`` array may look like this::
37 [ARRAY-ATTR]
41 [SOME-OTHER-ATTR]
42 [ARRAY-ATTR]
47 where ``ARRAY-ATTR`` is the array entry type.
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/dma/
Dsnps,dma-spear1340.yaml1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 ---
4 $id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/dma/snps,dma-spear1340.yaml#
5 $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml#
10 - Viresh Kumar <vireshk@kernel.org>
11 - Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
14 - $ref: dma-controller.yaml#
19 - const: snps,dma-spear1340
20 - items:
21 - enum:
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/driver-api/media/drivers/
Dtuners.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 ------------------------
12 - L= LG_API (VHF_LO=0x01, VHF_HI=0x02, UHF=0x08, radio=0x04)
13 - P= PHILIPS_API (VHF_LO=0xA0, VHF_HI=0x90, UHF=0x30, radio=0x04)
14 - T= TEMIC_API (VHF_LO=0x02, VHF_HI=0x04, UHF=0x01)
15 - A= ALPS_API (VHF_LO=0x14, VHF_HI=0x12, UHF=0x11)
16 - M= PHILIPS_MK3 (VHF_LO=0x01, VHF_HI=0x02, UHF=0x04, radio=0x19)
19 -------------------
21 - Samsung Tuner identification: (e.g. TCPM9091PD27)
23 .. code-block:: none
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/networking/
Diso15765-2.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause)
4 ISO 15765-2 (ISO-TP)
10 ISO 15765-2, also known as ISO-TP, is a transport protocol specifically defined
12 industry, for example as the transport protocol for UDSonCAN (ISO 14229-3) or
13 emission-related diagnostic services (ISO 15031-5).
15 ISO-TP can be used both on CAN CC (aka Classical CAN) and CAN FD (CAN with
21 -------------------
23 * ISO 15765-2:2024 : Road vehicles - Diagnostic communication over Controller
27 ----------
29 In its simplest form, ISO-TP is based on two kinds of addressing modes for the
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Daf_xdp.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
20 XDP programs to redirect frames to a memory buffer in a user-space
64 single-consumer / single-producer (for performance reasons), the new
72 user-space application can place an XSK at an arbitrary place in this
99 http://vger.kernel.org/lpc_net2018_talks/lpc18_paper_af_xdp_perf-v2.pdf. Do
106 ----
109 equal-sized frames. An UMEM is associated to a netdev and a specific
121 The UMEM has two single-producer/single-consumer rings that are used
123 user-space application.
126 -----
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/linux-6.12.1/sound/pci/ctxfi/
Dctresource.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
21 /* Resource allocation based on bit-map management mechanism */
24 unsigned int multi, unsigned int *ridx) in get_resource() argument
29 for (i = 0, n = multi; i < amount; i++) { in get_resource()
33 n = multi; in get_resource()
36 if (!(--n)) in get_resource()
42 return -ENOENT; in get_resource()
45 /* Mark the contiguous bits in resource bit-map as used */ in get_resource()
46 for (n = multi; n > 0; n--) { in get_resource()
50 i--; in get_resource()
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/linux-6.12.1/lib/
Ddecompress_unxz.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: 0BSD
4 * Wrapper for decompressing XZ-compressed kernel, initramfs, and initrd
10 * Important notes about in-place decompression
20 * The worst case for in-place decompression is that the beginning of
22 * incompressible. Thus, we must look for worst-case expansion when the
29 * Block Header:
30 * Block Header (8-12)
32 * Block Padding (0-3)
34 * Index (8-20)
37 * Normally there is exactly one Block, but let's assume that there are
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/linux-6.12.1/arch/riscv/kernel/
Dcpufeature.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
29 #define NUM_ALPHA_EXTS ('z' - 'a' + 1)
36 /* Per-cpu ISA extensions. */
40 * riscv_isa_extension_base() - Get base extension word
56 * __riscv_isa_extension_available() - Check whether given extension
80 pr_err("Zicbom detected in ISA string, disabling as no cbom-block-size found\n"); in riscv_ext_zicbom_validate()
81 return -EINVAL; in riscv_ext_zicbom_validate()
84 pr_err("Zicbom disabled as cbom-block-size present, but is not a power-of-2\n"); in riscv_ext_zicbom_validate()
85 return -EINVAL; in riscv_ext_zicbom_validate()
94 pr_err("Zicboz detected in ISA string, disabling as no cboz-block-size found\n"); in riscv_ext_zicboz_validate()
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
Dvidioc-expbuf.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_EXPBUF - Export a buffer as a DMABUF file descriptor.
48 one. For the multi-planar API, applications set the ``plane`` field to
51 the single-planar API, applications must set ``plane`` to zero.
55 case of multi-planar API, every plane is exported separately using
60 other DMABUF-aware devices. Refer to :ref:`DMABUF importing <dmabuf>`
68 .. code-block:: c
77 if (ioctl(v4lfd, VIDIOC_EXPBUF, &expbuf) == -1) {
79 return -1;
87 .. code-block:: c
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/linux-6.12.1/tools/testing/selftests/drivers/net/mlxsw/
Dtc_restrictions.sh2 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
41 # It is forbidden in mlxsw driver to have mixed-bound
42 # shared block with a drop rule.
45 check_err $? "Failed to create clsact with ingress block"
47 tc filter add block 22 protocol ip pref 1 handle 101 flower \
49 check_err $? "Failed to add drop rule to ingress bound block"
52 check_err $? "Failed to create another clsact with ingress shared block"
57 check_fail $? "Incorrect success to create another clsact with egress shared block"
59 tc filter del block 22 protocol ip pref 1 handle 101 flower
62 …check_err $? "Failed to create another clsact with egress shared block after blocker drop rule rem…
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/linux-6.12.1/drivers/gpu/drm/ast/
Dast_dp501.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
20 release_firmware(ast->dp501_fw); in ast_release_firmware()
21 ast->dp501_fw = NULL; in ast_release_firmware()
29 ret = request_firmware(&ast->dp501_fw, "ast_dp501_fw.bin", dev->dev); in ast_load_dp501_microcode()
33 return devm_add_action_or_reset(dev->dev, ast_release_firmware, ast); in ast_load_dp501_microcode()
197 if (ast->config_mode != ast_use_p2a) in ast_backup_fw()
218 if (ast->config_mode != ast_use_p2a) in ast_launch_m68k()
224 if (ast->dp501_fw_addr) { in ast_launch_m68k()
225 fw_addr = ast->dp501_fw_addr; in ast_launch_m68k()
228 if (!ast->dp501_fw && in ast_launch_m68k()
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/linux-6.12.1/drivers/block/zram/
DKconfig1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 tristate "Compressed RAM block device support"
4 depends on BLOCK && SYSFS && MMU
7 Creates virtual block devices called /dev/zramX (X = 0, 1, ...).
15 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst for more information.
54 bool "lzo and lzo-rle compression support" if !ZRAM_BACKEND_FORCE_LZO
66 bool "lzo-rle"
97 default "lzo-rle" if ZRAM_DEF_COMP_LZORLE
104 default "unset-value"
113 /sys/block/zramX/backing_dev.
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/linux-6.12.1/Documentation/userspace-api/media/
Dglossary.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
58 **Field-programmable Gate Array**
63 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array.
67 :term:`SPI` device, or an :term:`IP Block` inside an
72 together make a larger user-facing functional peripheral. For
73 instance, the :term:`SoC` :term:`ISP` :term:`IP Block`
80 **Inter-Integrated Circuit**
82 A multi-master, multi-slave, packet switched, single-ended,
84 like sub-device hardware components.
86 See http://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf.
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/linux-6.12.1/drivers/clocksource/
DKconfig1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
60 bool "OMAP dual-mode timer driver" if ARCH_K3 || COMPILE_TEST
64 Enables the support for the TI dual-mode timer driver.
83 Enables support for the Faraday Technology timer block
190 Enable 24-bit TIMER0 and TIMER1 counters in the NPCM7xx architecture,
211 Support for Multi Timer Unit. MTU provides access
213 32-bit free running decrementing counters.
248 bool "Integrator-AP timer driver" if COMPILE_TEST
251 Enables support for the Integrator-AP timer.
276 available on many OMAP-like platforms.
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/linux-6.12.1/include/linux/ceph/
Drados.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
29 #define CEPH_SNAPDIR ((__u64)(-1)) /* reserved for hidden .snap dir */
30 #define CEPH_NOSNAP ((__u64)(-2)) /* "head", "live" revision */
31 #define CEPH_MAXSNAP ((__u64)(-3)) /* largest valid snapid */
40 * object layout - how objects are mapped into PGs
47 * pg layout -- how PGs are mapped onto (sets of) OSDs
69 * pg_num -- base number of pseudorandomly placed pgs
71 * pgp_num -- effective number when calculating pg placement. this
78 * lpg_num -- localized pg count (per device). replicas are randomly
81 * lpgp_num -- as above.
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