41 	.fpfn = 0,
42 	.lpfn = 0,
44 	.flags = 0,
54 		.fpfn = 0,
55 		.lpfn = 0,
60 		.fpfn = 0,
61 		.lpfn = 0,
77 static bool resource_is_stolen_vram(struct xe_device *xe, struct ttm_resource *res)  in resource_is_stolen_vram()  argument
79 	return res->mem_type == XE_PL_STOLEN && IS_DGFX(xe);  in resource_is_stolen_vram()
133 mem_type_to_migrate(struct xe_device *xe, u32 mem_type)  in mem_type_to_migrate()  argument
137 	xe_assert(xe, mem_type == XE_PL_STOLEN || mem_type_is_vram(mem_type));  in mem_type_to_migrate()
138 	tile = &xe->tiles[mem_type == XE_PL_STOLEN ? 0 : (mem_type - XE_PL_VRAM0)];  in mem_type_to_migrate()
144 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(res->bo->bdev);  in res_to_mem_region()  local
147 	xe_assert(xe, resource_is_vram(res));  in res_to_mem_region()
148 	mgr = ttm_manager_type(&xe->ttm, res->mem_type);  in res_to_mem_region()
152 static void try_add_system(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in try_add_system()  argument
156 		xe_assert(xe, *c < ARRAY_SIZE(bo->placements));  in try_add_system()
165 static void add_vram(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in add_vram()  argument
172 	xe_assert(xe, *c < ARRAY_SIZE(bo->placements));  in add_vram()
174 	vram = to_xe_ttm_vram_mgr(ttm_manager_type(&xe->ttm, mem_type))->vram;  in add_vram()
175 	xe_assert(xe, vram && vram->usable_size);  in add_vram()
188 			place.fpfn = 0;  in add_vram()
198 static void try_add_vram(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in try_add_vram()  argument
202 		add_vram(xe, bo, bo->placements, bo_flags, XE_PL_VRAM0, c);  in try_add_vram()
204 		add_vram(xe, bo, bo->placements, bo_flags, XE_PL_VRAM1, c);  in try_add_vram()
207 static void try_add_stolen(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in try_add_stolen()  argument
211 		xe_assert(xe, *c < ARRAY_SIZE(bo->placements));  in try_add_stolen()
217 				TTM_PL_FLAG_CONTIGUOUS : 0,  in try_add_stolen()
223 static int __xe_bo_placement_for_flags(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()  argument
226 	u32 c = 0;  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
228 	try_add_vram(xe, bo, bo_flags, &c);  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
229 	try_add_system(xe, bo, bo_flags, &c);  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
230 	try_add_stolen(xe, bo, bo_flags, &c);  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
240 	return 0;  in __xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
243 int xe_bo_placement_for_flags(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in xe_bo_placement_for_flags()  argument
247 	return __xe_bo_placement_for_flags(xe, bo, bo_flags);  in xe_bo_placement_for_flags()
256 			placement->num_placement = 0;  in xe_evict_flags()
265 	 * For xe, sg bos that are evicted to system just triggers a  in xe_evict_flags()
297 		return 0;  in xe_tt_map_sg()
300 						num_pages, 0,  in xe_tt_map_sg()
316 	return 0;  in xe_tt_map_sg()
325 				  DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL, 0);  in xe_tt_unmap_sg()
343 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_ttm_tt_create()  local
353 	tt->dev = xe->drm.dev;  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
355 	extra_pages = 0;  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
357 		extra_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(xe_device_ccs_bytes(xe, bo->size),  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
366 	if (!IS_DGFX(xe)) {  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
385 		    (xe->info.graphics_verx100 >= 1270 &&  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
395 		xe_assert(xe, bo->cpu_caching == 0);  in xe_ttm_tt_create()
418 		return 0;  in xe_ttm_tt_populate()
446 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(bdev);  in xe_ttm_io_mem_reserve()  local
451 		return 0;  in xe_ttm_io_mem_reserve()
474 		return 0;  in xe_ttm_io_mem_reserve()
476 		return xe_ttm_stolen_io_mem_reserve(xe, mem);  in xe_ttm_io_mem_reserve()
482 static int xe_bo_trigger_rebind(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in xe_bo_trigger_rebind()  argument
490 	int ret = 0;  in xe_bo_trigger_rebind()
525 			if (timeout < 0)  in xe_bo_trigger_rebind()
559 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(ttm_bo->bdev);  in xe_bo_move_dmabuf()  local
562 	xe_assert(xe, attach);  in xe_bo_move_dmabuf()
563 	xe_assert(xe, ttm_bo->ttm);  in xe_bo_move_dmabuf()
583 	return 0;  in xe_bo_move_dmabuf()
601  * Return: 0 on success, -EINTR or -ERESTARTSYS if interrupted in fault mode,
608 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(ttm_bo->bdev);  in xe_bo_move_notify()  local
622 	ret = xe_bo_trigger_rebind(xe, bo, ctx);  in xe_bo_move_notify()
636 		mutex_lock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_bo_move_notify()
639 		mutex_unlock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_bo_move_notify()
642 	return 0;  in xe_bo_move_notify()
650 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(ttm_bo->bdev);  in xe_bo_move()  local
660 	bool handle_system_ccs = (!IS_DGFX(xe) && xe_bo_needs_ccs_pages(bo) &&  in xe_bo_move()
662 	int ret = 0;  in xe_bo_move()
727 		if (timeout < 0) {  in xe_bo_move()
742 		hop->fpfn = 0;  in xe_bo_move()
743 		hop->lpfn = 0;  in xe_bo_move()
753 		migrate = mem_type_to_migrate(xe, new_mem->mem_type);  in xe_bo_move()
755 		migrate = mem_type_to_migrate(xe, old_mem_type);  in xe_bo_move()
757 		migrate = xe->tiles[0].migrate;  in xe_bo_move()
759 	xe_assert(xe, migrate);  in xe_bo_move()
761 	if (xe_rpm_reclaim_safe(xe)) {  in xe_bo_move()
766 		xe_pm_runtime_get(xe);  in xe_bo_move()
768 		drm_WARN_ON(&xe->drm, handle_system_ccs);  in xe_bo_move()
769 		xe_pm_runtime_get_noresume(xe);  in xe_bo_move()
794 					xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);  in xe_bo_move()
798 				xe_assert(xe, new_mem->start ==  in xe_bo_move()
806 			u32 flags = 0;  in xe_bo_move()
820 			xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);  in xe_bo_move()
829 				ret = 0;  in xe_bo_move()
845 	xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);  in xe_bo_move()
864  * Return: 0 on success. Negative error code on failure.
890 		return 0;  in xe_bo_evict_pinned()
897 		bo->ttm.ttm = xe_ttm_tt_create(&bo->ttm, 0);  in xe_bo_evict_pinned()
916 	return 0;  in xe_bo_evict_pinned()
932  * Return: 0 on success. Negative error code on failure.
940 	struct ttm_place *place = &bo->placements[0];  in xe_bo_restore_pinned()
958 		return 0;  in xe_bo_restore_pinned()
976 	return 0;  in xe_bo_restore_pinned()
994 	xe_res_first(ttm_bo->resource, (u64)page_offset << PAGE_SHIFT, 0, &cursor);  in xe_ttm_io_mem_pfn()
1006 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(ttm_bo->bdev);  in xe_ttm_bo_lock_in_destructor()  local
1009 	xe_assert(xe, !kref_read(&ttm_bo->kref));  in xe_ttm_bo_lock_in_destructor()
1020 	xe_assert(xe, locked);  in xe_ttm_bo_lock_in_destructor()
1109 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(ttm_bo->bdev);  in xe_ttm_bo_destroy()  local
1115 	xe_assert(xe, list_empty(&ttm_bo->base.gpuva.list));  in xe_ttm_bo_destroy()
1128 	mutex_lock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_ttm_bo_destroy()
1131 	mutex_unlock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_ttm_bo_destroy()
1173 	struct xe_device *xe = to_xe_device(ddev);  in xe_gem_fault()  local
1180 		xe_pm_runtime_get(xe);  in xe_gem_fault()
1202 		mutex_lock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_gem_fault()
1204 			list_add(&bo->vram_userfault_link, &xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.list);  in xe_gem_fault()
1205 		mutex_unlock(&xe->mem_access.vram_userfault.lock);  in xe_gem_fault()
1211 		xe_pm_runtime_put(xe);  in xe_gem_fault()
1265 struct xe_bo *___xe_bo_create_locked(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_bo *bo,  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()  argument
1281 	xe_assert(xe, !tile || type == ttm_bo_type_kernel);  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1290 	    ((xe->info.vram_flags & XE_VRAM_FLAGS_NEED64K) ||  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1327 	drm_gem_private_object_init(&xe->drm, &bo->ttm.base, size);  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1335 		err = __xe_bo_placement_for_flags(xe, bo, bo->flags);  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1346 	err = ttm_bo_init_reserved(&xe->ttm, &bo->ttm, type,  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1375 		if (timeout < 0) {  in ___xe_bo_create_locked()
1392 static int __xe_bo_fixed_placement(struct xe_device *xe,  in __xe_bo_fixed_placement()  argument
1418 		/* 0 or multiple of the above set */  in __xe_bo_fixed_placement()
1427 	return 0;  in __xe_bo_fixed_placement()
1431 __xe_bo_create_locked(struct xe_device *xe,  in __xe_bo_create_locked()  argument
1442 	if (start || end != ~0ULL) {  in __xe_bo_create_locked()
1448 		err = __xe_bo_fixed_placement(xe, bo, flags, start, end, size);  in __xe_bo_create_locked()
1455 	bo = ___xe_bo_create_locked(xe, bo, tile, vm ? xe_vm_resv(vm) : NULL,  in __xe_bo_create_locked()
1476 			tile = xe_device_get_root_tile(xe);  in __xe_bo_create_locked()
1478 		xe_assert(xe, tile);  in __xe_bo_create_locked()
1500 xe_bo_create_locked_range(struct xe_device *xe,  in xe_bo_create_locked_range()  argument
1505 	return __xe_bo_create_locked(xe, tile, vm, size, start, end, 0, type, flags);  in xe_bo_create_locked_range()
1508 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create_locked(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create_locked()  argument
1512 	return __xe_bo_create_locked(xe, tile, vm, size, 0, ~0ULL, 0, type, flags);  in xe_bo_create_locked()
1515 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create_user(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create_user()  argument
1520 	struct xe_bo *bo = __xe_bo_create_locked(xe, tile, vm, size, 0, ~0ULL,  in xe_bo_create_user()
1529 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create()  argument
1533 	struct xe_bo *bo = xe_bo_create_locked(xe, tile, vm, size, type, flags);  in xe_bo_create()
1541 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create_pin_map_at(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create_pin_map_at()  argument
1548 	u64 start = offset == ~0ull ? 0 : offset;  in xe_bo_create_pin_map_at()
1549 	u64 end = offset == ~0ull ? offset : start + size;  in xe_bo_create_pin_map_at()
1552 	    xe_ttm_stolen_cpu_access_needs_ggtt(xe))  in xe_bo_create_pin_map_at()
1555 	bo = xe_bo_create_locked_range(xe, tile, vm, size, start, end, type,  in xe_bo_create_pin_map_at()
1580 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create_pin_map(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create_pin_map()  argument
1584 	return xe_bo_create_pin_map_at(xe, tile, vm, size, ~0ull, type, flags);  in xe_bo_create_pin_map()
1587 struct xe_bo *xe_bo_create_from_data(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_bo_create_from_data()  argument
1591 	struct xe_bo *bo = xe_bo_create_pin_map(xe, tile, NULL,  in xe_bo_create_from_data()
1597 	xe_map_memcpy_to(xe, &bo->vmap, 0, data, size);  in xe_bo_create_from_data()
1607 struct xe_bo *xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map()  argument
1613 	bo = xe_bo_create_pin_map(xe, tile, NULL, size, ttm_bo_type_kernel, flags);  in xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map()
1617 	ret = devm_add_action_or_reset(xe->drm.dev, __xe_bo_unpin_map_no_vm, bo);  in xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map()
1624 struct xe_bo *xe_managed_bo_create_from_data(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile,  in xe_managed_bo_create_from_data()  argument
1627 	struct xe_bo *bo = xe_managed_bo_create_pin_map(xe, tile, ALIGN(size, PAGE_SIZE), flags);  in xe_managed_bo_create_from_data()
1632 	xe_map_memcpy_to(xe, &bo->vmap, 0, data, size);  in xe_managed_bo_create_from_data()
1639  * @xe: xe device
1648  * Returns 0 for success, negative error code otherwise.
1650 int xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram(struct xe_device *xe, struct xe_tile *tile, struct xe_bo **src)  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()  argument
1657 	xe_assert(xe, IS_DGFX(xe));  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()
1658 	xe_assert(xe, !(*src)->vmap.is_iomem);  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()
1660 	bo = xe_managed_bo_create_from_data(xe, tile, (*src)->vmap.vaddr,  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()
1665 	devm_release_action(xe->drm.dev, __xe_bo_unpin_map_no_vm, *src);  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()
1668 	return 0;  in xe_managed_bo_reinit_in_vram()
1677 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(res->bo->bdev);  in vram_region_gpu_offset()  local
1680 		return xe_ttm_stolen_gpu_offset(xe);  in vram_region_gpu_offset()
1693  * Returns 0 for success, negative error code otherwise.
1697 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_bo_pin_external()  local
1700 	xe_assert(xe, !bo->vm);  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1701 	xe_assert(xe, xe_bo_is_user(bo));  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1709 			spin_lock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1711 				      &xe->pinned.external_vram);  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1712 			spin_unlock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1724 	return 0;  in xe_bo_pin_external()
1729 	struct ttm_place *place = &bo->placements[0];  in xe_bo_pin()
1730 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_bo_pin()  local
1734 	xe_assert(xe, !xe_bo_is_user(bo));  in xe_bo_pin()
1737 	xe_assert(xe, bo->flags & (XE_BO_FLAG_PINNED |  in xe_bo_pin()
1744 	xe_assert(xe, !bo->ttm.base.import_attach);  in xe_bo_pin()
1747 	xe_assert(xe, !xe_bo_is_pinned(bo));  in xe_bo_pin()
1758 	if (IS_DGFX(xe) && !(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_XE_DEBUG) &&  in xe_bo_pin()
1761 			xe_assert(xe, place->flags & TTM_PL_FLAG_CONTIGUOUS);  in xe_bo_pin()
1763 			place->fpfn = (xe_bo_addr(bo, 0, PAGE_SIZE) -  in xe_bo_pin()
1770 		spin_lock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_pin()
1771 		list_add_tail(&bo->pinned_link, &xe->pinned.kernel_bo_present);  in xe_bo_pin()
1772 		spin_unlock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_pin()
1783 	return 0;  in xe_bo_pin()
1794  * Returns 0 for success, negative error code otherwise.
1798 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_bo_unpin_external()  local
1800 	xe_assert(xe, !bo->vm);  in xe_bo_unpin_external()
1801 	xe_assert(xe, xe_bo_is_pinned(bo));  in xe_bo_unpin_external()
1802 	xe_assert(xe, xe_bo_is_user(bo));  in xe_bo_unpin_external()
1804 	spin_lock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_unpin_external()
1807 	spin_unlock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_unpin_external()
1820 	struct ttm_place *place = &bo->placements[0];  in xe_bo_unpin()
1821 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_bo_unpin()  local
1823 	xe_assert(xe, !bo->ttm.base.import_attach);  in xe_bo_unpin()
1824 	xe_assert(xe, xe_bo_is_pinned(bo));  in xe_bo_unpin()
1827 		spin_lock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_unpin()
1828 		xe_assert(xe, !list_empty(&bo->pinned_link));  in xe_bo_unpin()
1830 		spin_unlock(&xe->pinned.lock);  in xe_bo_unpin()
1848  * Return: 0 on success, negative error code on failure. May return
1885 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in __xe_bo_addr()  local
1889 	xe_assert(xe, page_size <= PAGE_SIZE);  in __xe_bo_addr()
1894 		xe_assert(xe, bo->ttm.ttm);  in __xe_bo_addr()
1927 		return 0;  in xe_bo_vmap()
1936 	ret = ttm_bo_kmap(&bo->ttm, 0, bo->size >> PAGE_SHIFT, &bo->kmap);  in xe_bo_vmap()
1946 	return 0;  in xe_bo_vmap()
1966 	struct xe_device *xe = to_xe_device(dev);  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()  local
1975 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->extensions) ||  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1976 	    XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->pad[0] || args->pad[1] || args->pad[2]) ||  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1977 	    XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->reserved[0] || args->reserved[1]))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1981 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, (args->placement & ~xe->info.mem_region_mask) ||  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1985 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->flags &  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1991 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->handle))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1994 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, !args->size))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
1997 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->size > SIZE_MAX))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2000 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->size & ~PAGE_MASK))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2003 	bo_flags = 0;  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2015 	    !(xe->info.vram_flags & XE_VRAM_FLAGS_NEED64K) &&  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2020 		if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, !(bo_flags & XE_BO_FLAG_VRAM_MASK)))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2026 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, !args->cpu_caching ||  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2030 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, bo_flags & XE_BO_FLAG_VRAM_MASK &&  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2034 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, bo_flags & XE_BO_FLAG_SCANOUT &&  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2040 		if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, !vm))  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2047 	bo = xe_bo_create_user(xe, NULL, vm, args->size, args->cpu_caching,  in xe_gem_create_ioctl()
2083 	struct xe_device *xe = to_xe_device(dev);  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()  local
2087 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->extensions) ||  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()
2088 	    XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->reserved[0] || args->reserved[1]))  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()
2091 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, args->flags))  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()
2095 	if (XE_IOCTL_DBG(xe, !gem_obj))  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()
2102 	return 0;  in xe_gem_mmap_offset_ioctl()
2113  * Return: 0 on success, -EINTR if @intr is true and the wait for a
2115  * function always returns 0.
2124 	return 0;  in xe_bo_lock()
2163 	for (cur_place = 0; cur_place < bo->placement.num_placement;  in xe_bo_can_migrate()
2174 	memset(place, 0, sizeof(*place));  in xe_place_from_ttm_type()
2190  * Return: 0 on success. Negative error code on failure. In particular may
2195 	struct xe_device *xe = ttm_to_xe_device(bo->ttm.bdev);  in xe_bo_migrate()  local
2206 		return 0;  in xe_bo_migrate()
2222 	drm_WARN_ON(&xe->drm, mem_type == XE_PL_STOLEN);  in xe_bo_migrate()
2225 		u32 c = 0;  in xe_bo_migrate()
2227 		add_vram(xe, bo, &requested, bo->flags, mem_type, &c);  in xe_bo_migrate()
2241  * Return: 0 on success. Negative error code on failure.
2261 	return 0;  in xe_bo_evict()
2273 	struct xe_device *xe = xe_bo_device(bo);  in xe_bo_needs_ccs_pages()  local
2275 	if (GRAPHICS_VER(xe) >= 20 && IS_DGFX(xe))  in xe_bo_needs_ccs_pages()
2278 	if (!xe_device_has_flat_ccs(xe) || bo->ttm.type != ttm_bo_type_device)  in xe_bo_needs_ccs_pages()
2286 	if (IS_DGFX(xe) && (bo->flags & XE_BO_FLAG_SYSTEM))  in xe_bo_needs_ccs_pages()
2354 	struct xe_device *xe = to_xe_device(dev);  in xe_bo_dumb_create()  local
2360 		xe->info.vram_flags & XE_VRAM_FLAGS_NEED64K ? SZ_64K : SZ_4K);  in xe_bo_dumb_create()
2366 	bo = xe_bo_create_user(xe, NULL, NULL, args->size,  in xe_bo_dumb_create()
2368 			       XE_BO_FLAG_VRAM_IF_DGFX(xe_device_get_root_tile(xe)) |  in xe_bo_dumb_create()